Roman numeral converter
MCMXCIV is 1994. Both directions.
Examples temporarily replace the input and settings. You can restore your previous work.
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Output
Paste or type above to see the result here.
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This tool runs entirely in your browser. What you paste is processed on your device and is never sent to a server, so it is safe to use with tokens, keys and unpublished text.
Example
Example: dates and years in Roman numerals, and one turned away
One per line: the date 12/25/2026 for an engraving, July 4, 1776 as 07/04/1776, the year 2027, two numerals to read the other way, MCMXCIV and LX, and two that are not allowed.
| You type | Result |
|---|---|
| 12/25/2026 | XII·XXV·MMXXVI |
| 07/04/1776 | VII·IV·MDCCLXXVI |
| 2027 | MMXXVII |
| MCMXCIV | 1994 |
| LX | 60 |
| IIII | not a Roman numeral, and not a number |
| 4000 | Roman numerals run from 1 to 3999 |
A date keeps the order you typed it in, month first here, with middle dots between the parts: XII·XXV·MMXXVI. MCMXCIV is M (1000) + CM (900) + XC (90) + IV (4) = 1994. IIII is turned away because 4 is written IV.
How it works
- Type a number, or type a numeral.
- It works out which direction you meant from what you typed.
- One per line converts a list — useful for a set of dates.
- Anything that is not a valid numeral is named rather than silently accepted.
Frequently asked questions
- Why is IIII rejected?
- Because the standard form of 4 is IV, and accepting both would mean the same number had two spellings. The check is done by converting back: if the numeral does not produce the same text the number does, it is not standard. Clock faces do use IIII, by a tradition several centuries old and no better explained than “it balances the VIII opposite”.
- What is the largest number?
- 3,999 — MMMCMXCIX. Above that the Romans drew a bar over a numeral to multiply it by a thousand, which is not something a plain text box can represent, so the converter stops where the plain letters do.
- Is there a zero?
- No. The system has no symbol for nothing, which is exactly why doing arithmetic in it is so painful and why positional notation replaced it.
- Why not IM for 999?
- Subtraction only goes one step down: I before V and X, X before L and C, C before D and M. So 999 is CMXCIX, not IM. It looks like a reasonable shortcut and is not one, which is why the converter says so rather than guessing.
- How do I write a date in Roman numerals?
- Type it as you would write it, with slashes, dots or dashes: 12/25/2026 gives XII·XXV·MMXXVI, each part converted on its own and joined with middle dots. The order stays as typed, so 25.12.2026 gives XXV·XII·MMXXVI.
- What is 2026 in Roman numerals?
- MMXXVI: MM for 2000, XX for 20 and VI for 6. 2027 is MMXXVII.
- Is anything uploaded?
- No. It runs in your browser, so what you type stays on your computer.
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